Conservación de la naturaleza, derechos indígenas y colonialismo de asentamiento: la política de pagos por servicios ambientales en Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20435/serie-estudos.v26i56.1528Palabras clave:
pagos por servicios ambientales, Brasil, derechos indígenasResumen
Los pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA) son fuertemente criticados por académicos de ecología política. Predominantemente, sus críticas se basan en nociones de justicia distributiva, que se centran en el impacto negativo (por ejemplo, la distribución de los derechos sobre la tierra) del PSA a las comunidades indígenas y locales. Muchos partidarios liberales del PSA no niegan que tales problemas sean reales. Sin embargo, ponen más énfasis en la justicia procesal y afirman que el PSA puede desencadenar una institucionalización de diálogos más inclusivos. Hasta el momento, ambas ramas de la literatura subestiman el impacto de las condiciones poscoloniales en las que se ubican muchos proyectos de PSA. Aquí es donde entra nuestro artículo. Investigamos la política inicial de PSA en Mato Grosso do Sul, una provincia brasileña dominada por un continuo colonialismo de asentamiento. Los resultados de nuestra investigación indican que la implementación de procedimientos inclusivos en los proyectos de PSA puede mitigar parcialmente las consecuencias del colonialismo de asentamiento en curso, pero esto a menudo falla porque está incrustado en las estructuras de una economía política colonial. Si bien el PSA ocasionalmente empodera a los actores indígenas para dirigirse a las élites locales de manera más efectiva y fortalecer los derechos de las mujeres indígenas, es probable que las transformaciones resultantes dentro de las comunidades debiliten su auto-organización política.
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INTERVIEWS
INTERVIEW 454: Representative of a transnational environmental NGO. Skype conversation, Feb-ruary 21, 2019.
INTERVIEW 455: Representative of the federal public prosecution office. Ministério Público. Pon-ta Porã, March 26, 2019.
INTERVIEW 456: Indigenous spokesperson and lawyer, Campo Grande, March 29, 2019.
INTERVIEW 458: Natural scientist at a public university. Campo Grande, March 29, 2019.
INTERVIEW 459: Deputy of the legislative assembly of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, March 29, 2019.
INTERVIEW 460: Group conversation with indigenous lawyers and activists, Campo Grande, March 31, 2019.
INTERVIEW 461: Group conversation with representatives of the federal prosecution office
(Ministerio Público), Naviraí, April 1, 2019.
INTERVIEW 462: Natural scientist at a public university. Dourados, April 1, 2019.
INTERVIEW 463: Representative of the National Office for Indigenous Affairs (FUNAI), Doura-dos, April 2, 2019.
INTERVIEW 464: Indigenous spokesperson. Tacurú, April 2, 2019.
INTERVIEW 465: Representative of the government of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, April 3, 2019.
INTERVIEW 466: Representative of the federal public prosecution office. Ministerio Público. Campo Grande, April 3, 2019.
INTERVIEW 468: Social scientist and indigenous activist, professor at a private university, April 6 and 11, 2019.
INTERVIEW 469: Employee of the state government of Mato Grosso do Sul (department for cul-tural affairs), Campo Grande, April 6, 2019.
INTERVIEW 470: Representative of a transnational environmental NGO, Campo Grande, April 8, 2019.
INTERVIEW 472: Representative of the state government of Mato Grosso do Sul (sub-department for indigenous affairs), Campo Grande, April 9, 2019.
INTERVIEW 473: Deputy of the legislative assembly of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, April 10, 2019.
INTERVIEW 474: Indigenous spokesperson. Campo Grande, April 10, 2019.
INTERVIEW 475: Representative of a local environmental NGO, Campo Grande, April 12, 2019.
INTERVIEW 476: Lawyer and representative of the agribusiness, Skype interview, April 25, 2019.
INTERVIEW 500: Representative of a transnational NGO, Campo Grande, August 12, 2019.
INTERVIEW 502: Indigenous leader, Miranda, August 16, 2019 .
INTERVIEW 503: Daughter of a large landowner, Campo Grande, August 18, 2019.
INTERVIEW 504: Agribusiness lawyer, Campo Grande, August 20, 2019.
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